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On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend?
Concept: Factors Affecting the Resistance of a Conductor
Define the power of a lens.
Concept: Power of a Lens
What do you understand by the term Scattering of light?
Concept: Scattering of Light and Its Types
A moment of couple has a tendency to rotate the body in an anticlockwise direction. Then the moment of the couple is taken as ______.
Concept: Couple

A metal rod AB of length 80 cm is balanced at 45 cm from the end A with 100 gf weights suspended from the two ends.
- If this rod is cut at the center, C, then compare the weight of AC to the weight of BC. (Use >, < or =)
- Give a reason for your answer in (a).
Concept: Moment (Turning Effect) of a Force Or Torque
A person standing in front of a cliff fires a gun and hears its echo after 3 s. If the speed of sound in air is 336 ms−1.
- Calculate the distance of the person from the cliff.
- After moving a certain distance from the cliff, he fires the gun again, and this time the echo is heard 1.5 s later than the first. Calculate the distance that the person moved.
Concept: Moment (Turning Effect) of a Force Or Torque
The kinetic energy of a given body depends on the ______.
Concept: Mechanical Energy >> Kinetic Energy (K)
For the following scenario, state whether the work done by gravity is positive, negative, or zero.
A person walks on a levelled road.
Concept: Work Done by the Force of Gravity (W = mgh)
For the following scenario, state whether the work done by gravity is positive, negative, or zero.
A person climbs a ladder.
Concept: Work Done by the Force of Gravity (W = mgh)
For the following scenario, state whether the work done by gravity is positive, negative, or zero.
A car in neutral gear is coming down the slope.
Concept: Work Done by the Force of Gravity (W = mgh)
A block and tackle system of pulleys has a velocity ratio of 4.
- Draw a labelled diagram of the system indicating clearly the direction of the load and effort.
- Calculate the potential energy of the load 100 kgf lifted by this pulley to a height 5 m. (g = 10 ms−2)
Concept: Pulley
Concept: Refraction of Light Through a Rectangular Glass Slab
Refer to the diagram given below. A lens with two different refractive indices is shown. If the rays are coming from a distant object, then how many images will be seen?

Concept: Relationship Between Refractive Index and Speed of Light (µ = C/V)
The diagram below shows a fish in the tank and its image seen on the surface of the water.

Name the phenomenon responsible for the formation of this image.
Concept: Total Internal Reflection
An object is placed at a distance 24 cm in front of a convex lens of focal length 8 cm.
(i) What is the nature of the image so formed?
(ii) Calculate the distance of the image from the lens.
(iii) Calculate the magnification of the image.
Concept: Concave Lens
Why does sun appear red at sunrise and sunset?
Concept: Applications of Scattering of Light
Two sound waves X and Y have the same amplitude and the same wave pattern but their frequencies are 60 Hz and 120 Hz respectively, then ______.
Concept: Sound

The above picture shows a mother pushing her daughter sitting on a swing. The swing is going through the positions A, B, C where A and C are extreme positions and B is the mean position.
- Which is the right position i.e. at A, B or C, for the mother to give a constant periodic push to the swing every time in the forward direction to increase the amplitude of the swing? (1)
- Name the phenomenon involved in this. (1)
- Explain with this example how this phenomenon helps to increase the amplitude of the swing. (2)
Concept: Some Examples of Resonance
Which particles are responsible for current in conductors?
Concept: Electrical Energy and Power
