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Syllabus

Biology (English Medium) ICSE Class 10 CISCE Syllabus 2025-26

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CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus - Free PDF Download

CISCE Syllabus 2025-26 ICSE Class 10 : The CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus for the examination year 2025-26 has been released by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations, CISCE. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2025-26 CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new CISCE syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.

The detailed CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus for 2025-26 is below.

Academic year:

CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Revised Syllabus

CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology and their Unit wise marks distribution

CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Course Structure 2025-26 With Marking Scheme

#Unit/TopicWeightage
1  Basic Biology 
1  Cell - The Structural and Functional Unit of Life [For Revision Only] 
2  Structure of Chromosomes, Cell Cycle and Cell Division 
3  Genetics: Some Basic Fundamentals 
2  Plant Physiology 
4  Absorption by Roots: The Processes Involved 
5  Transpiration 
6  Photosynthesis 
7  Chemical Coordination in Plants 
3  Human Anatomy and Physiology 
8  The Circulatory System 
9  The Excretory System 
10  The Nervous System 
11  Sense Organs 
12  The Endocrine System 
13  The Reproductive System 
4  Human Evolution 
14  Human Evolution 
5  Population 
15  Population: The Increasing Numbers and Rising Problems 
6  Pollution 
16  Pollution: A Rising Environmental Problem  
7  Physical Health and Hygiene 
7.1  Health Organisations 
7.2  Aids to Health 
 Total -
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Syllabus

1: Basic Biology [Revision]

CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus
1 Cell - The Structural and Functional Unit of Life [For Revision Only] [Revision]
2 Structure of Chromosomes, Cell Cycle and Cell Division [Revision]
3 Genetics: Some Basic Fundamentals [Revision]

2: Plant Physiology [Revision]

CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus
4 Absorption by Roots: The Processes Involved [Revision]
  • Introduction to Plant Physiology  
  • Concept of Absorption by the Roots  
  • Need of Water and Minerals for Plants  
  • Characteristics of Roots for Absorbing Water  
    • Characteristics of Roots for Absorbing Water:
    1. The surface area of roots is enormous
    2. Root hairs contain cell sap of a higher concentration than that of the surrounding water
    3. Root hairs have a thin wall
  • Absorption and Conduction of Water and Minerals  
    • Imbibition  
    • Concept of Osmosis  
      • Meaning
      • Forms
      • Experiments
      • Duration of Osmosis
  • Uses of Turgidity to Plants  
  • Differences Between Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport  
  • Root Pressure  
    • Meaning
    • Guttation
  • Importance of Root Hairs and Upward Transport  
  • Some Experiments on Absorption and Conduction of Water in the Plants  
    • Experiment 1
    • Experiment 2
    • Experiment 3
    • Experiment 4
  • Forces Contributing to Ascent of Sap  
    1. Downward Movement of Sap
    2. Cohesion of Water Molecules
5 Transpiration [Revision]
  • Transpiration  
  • Measurement of Transpiration  
    • Measurement of Transpiration
    1. Weighing method
    2. Potometer method
    • Ganong's Potometer
    • Precautions in the use of potometer
    • Limitations in the use of potometer
  • Types of Transpiration  
    • Types of Transpiration
    1. Stomatal Transpiration
    2. Cuticular transpiration
    3. Lenticular transpiration
  • Factors Affecting the Rate of Transpiration  
  • Adaptations in Plants to Reduce Excessive Transpiration  
  • Significance of Transpiration  
  • Direct Loss of Water by Plants - Guttation and Bleeding  
6 Photosynthesis [Revision]
  • Significance of Photosynthesis  
  • Chlorophyll: The Vital Plant Pigment  
    • Chlorophyll
    • Chloroplasts
    • Too much light destroys chlorophyll
  • Regulation of Stomatal Opening for Letting in Carbon Dioxide  
    • Opening and Closing of Stomata
    1. Potassium ion concentration theory (recent)
    2. Sugar concentration theory (old)
  • Process of Photosynthesis  
  • Role of Sunlight in Photosynthesis  
    • Light Dependent Reaction (Hill Reaction \ Light Reaction)  
      • Reaction centre
      • Photosystems I and II
    • Photophosphorylation  
      • Photophosphorylation
      • Forms of Photophosphorylation 
      1. Cyclic photophosphorylation
      2. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
    • Light Independent Reactions (Dark Reaction \ Biosynthetic Phase)  
      • Dark reactions
      • Steps in the dark reactions
      1. Carboxylation
      2. Glycolytic Reversal
      3. Regeneration of RuBP
  • Adaptations in Leaf to Perform Photosynthesis  
  • End Result of the Products of Photosynthesis  
    • End-products of photosynthesis
    1. Glucose
    2. Water
    3. Oxygen
  • Factors Affecting Photosynthesis  
    • Blackman - Law of limiting factors
    • Factors affecting photosynthesis
    1. External Factors:
      1) Availability of sunlight
      2) Temperature
      3) Water
      4) Humidity
      5) CO2 Concentration [atmospheric]
      6) O2 availability
    2. Internal Factors:
      1) Number of leaves
      2) Size of leaves
      3) Leaf age
      4) Orientation of leaves
      5) Mesophyll cells and chloroplasts
      6) Internal CO2 concentration
      7) Anatomy of leaf
  • Experiments on Photosynthesis  
    • Experiment 1: To show that chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis.
    • Experiment 2: To show that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis.
    • Experiment 3: To show that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis.
    • Experiment 4: To show that oxygen is produced during photosynthesis.
  • Biogeochemical Cycles (Nutrient Cycles)  
  • Respiration and Photosynthesis  
  • Photosynthesis: Food-Making Process in Plants  
7 Chemical Coordination in Plants [Revision]
  • Plant Hormones  
    • Plant Hormones
    • Types of Plant Hormones
  • Types of Plant Hormones: Auxins  
    • Auxins
    • Physiological effects and applications of auxin
  • Types of Plant Hormones: Gibberellins  
    • Gibberellins
    • Physiological effects and application of Gibberellins
  • Types of Plant Hormones: Cytokinins  
    • Cytokinin
    • Physiological effects and applications of cytokinin
  • Types of Plant Hormones: Ethylene  
    • Ethylene
    • Physiological effects and application of ethylene
  • Types of Plant Hormones: Abscisic Acid (ABA)  
    • Abscisic Acid
    • Physiological effects and application of ABA
  • Coordination in Plant: Tropism in Plants  
    • Immediate Response to Stimulus
    • Movement Due to Growth
    1. Phototropism
    2. Geotroplsm
    3. Hydrotroplsm
    4. Thigmotropism
    5. Chemotropism

3: Human Anatomy and Physiology [Revision]

CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus
8 The Circulatory System [Revision]
9 The Excretory System [Revision]
10 The Nervous System [Revision]
  • Human Nervous System  
    • Introduction
    • Components of Nervous System
    • Neuron
    • Need of Nervous System
  • Neuron (Or Nerve Cell) and Its Types  
    • Neuron
    • Types of neurons
    1. Unipolar neurons
    2. Bipolar neurons
    3. Multipolar neurons
    4. Sensory or afferent neurons
    5. Motor or efferent neurons
    6. Association (connecting) neurons
    • Nerve
    • Types of Nerve
    1. Sensory nerves
    2. Motor nerves
    3. Mixed nerves
    • Difference between Neuron and Nerve
    • Nerve Fibres  
      • Nerve Fibres
      • Properties of nerve fibres
      • Types of Nerve Fibres
      1. Myelinated nerve fibre
      2. Non-myelinated nerve fibre
  • Synapse - Properties of nerve fibres  
    • Synapse
    • Properties of nerve fibres
  • Major Division of the Nervous System  
    • The major division of The Nervous System
    1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
    2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
    • Somatic Nervous System
    • Autonomic Nervous System
    • Components of the nervous system at a glance
  • The Human Brain - Forebrain  

    Forebrain: 

    1. Olfactory lobes
    2. Cerebrum
    3. Diencephalon

     

  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)  
    • Peripheral Nervous System
    • Types of PNS
  • The Spinal Cord  
    • Spinal Cord 
    • T. S. of spinal cord
    • Functions of the spinal cord
  • Reflex and Reflex Action  
    • Reflexes
    • Types of actions
    1. Voluntary actions 
    2. Involuntary actions
  • Types of Reflexes  
    • Natural (inborn) reflex
    • Conditioned (or acquired) reflex
    • Pavlov's experiment on a dog
  • Nervous Pathways in Reflexes  
  • Reflex Arc  
    • Various terms associated with reflex arc:
    1. Receptor
    2. Sensory neuron
    3. Central nervous system
    4. Motor neuron
    5. Effector
  • Complex Reflex Action  
  • Sense Organ  
  • The Eyes  
    • The Eyes
    1. Orbits
    2. Eyelids
    3. Eyebrows
    4. Tear glands (lacrimal glands)
    5. Tear ducts
    6. Conjunctiva
  • Human Eye  
    • Structure and Components
    • Photoreceptors and Eye Muscles
  • Working of the Human Eye  
    • Image Formation and Light Control
    • Vision Range and Optical Properties
  • Eye Defect and Its Correction: Myopia Or Near-sightedness  
    • Myopia and Its Causes
    • Types and Symptoms of Myopia
    • Myopia Correction and Treatment
  • Eye Defect and its Correction: Hypermetropia or Far-sightedness  
    • Hypermetropia and Its Causes
    • Types and Symptoms of Hypermetropia
    • Hypermetropia Correction and Treatment
  • Eye Defect and Its Correction: Presbyopia  
    • Presbyopia and Its Causes
    • Symptoms of Presbyopia
    • Presbyopia Correction and Treatments
  • Eye Defect and Its Correction: Astigmatism  
    • Astigmatism
    • Correction for Astigmatism
  • Some Common Defects of the Eye  
    • Some Common Defects of the Eye
    1. Cataract
    2. Night-blindness
    3. Colour blindness
    4. Corneal opacities
    5. Squint
  • Stereoscopic (Binocular) Vision  
  • Functions of the Ear  
    • Functions of the Ear
    1. Hearing
    2. Balancing Body
  • Human Ear  
    • Structure of Human Ear
    • Function of Human Ear
11 Sense Organs [Revision]
  • Sense Organ  
  • The Eyes  
    • The Eyes
    1. Orbits
    2. Eyelids
    3. Eyebrows
    4. Tear glands (lacrimal glands)
    5. Tear ducts
    6. Conjunctiva
  • Human Eye  
    • Structure and Components
    • Photoreceptors and Eye Muscles
  • Working of the Human Eye  
    • Image Formation and Light Control
    • Vision Range and Optical Properties
  • Eye Defect and Its Correction: Myopia Or Near-sightedness  
    • Myopia and Its Causes
    • Types and Symptoms of Myopia
    • Myopia Correction and Treatment
  • Eye Defect and its Correction: Hypermetropia or Far-sightedness  
    • Hypermetropia and Its Causes
    • Types and Symptoms of Hypermetropia
    • Hypermetropia Correction and Treatment
  • Eye Defect and Its Correction: Presbyopia  
    • Presbyopia and Its Causes
    • Symptoms of Presbyopia
    • Presbyopia Correction and Treatments
  • Eye Defect and Its Correction: Astigmatism  
    • Astigmatism
    • Correction for Astigmatism
  • Some Common Defects of the Eye  
    • Some Common Defects of the Eye
    1. Cataract
    2. Night-blindness
    3. Colour blindness
    4. Corneal opacities
    5. Squint
  • Stereoscopic (Binocular) Vision  
  • Functions of the Ear  
    • Functions of the Ear
    1. Hearing
    2. Balancing Body
  • Human Ear  
    • Structure of Human Ear
    • Function of Human Ear
12 The Endocrine System [Revision]
  • Need for the Regulation of Body Activities  
    • Need for the regulation of body activities
    • Differences between hormonal control and nervous control
  • Chemical Coordination  

    Chemical Coordination

    1. Autocrine 
    2. Paracrine 
    3. Endocrine 
    4. Pheromone 
  • Human Endocrine System  

    Human Endocrine System

    • Properties of Hormones 
    • Mechanism of hormone action 
  • Human Endocrine Glands  
    • Adrenal Gland (Suprarenal Gland)  

      Adrenal Gland

      • Hormones and functions of adrenal gland
        (i) Adrenal cortex: Zona reticularis, Zona Fasciculata, Zona reticularis
      • Disorders related to Adrenal cortex: Hyposecretion, Hyper secretion
        (ii) Adrenal medulla: Adrenaline, Nor-adrenaline, Catecholamines, emergency hormones or hormones of fight or flight
    • Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)  
      • Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans): α-cells and β-cells
        (i) Insulin
        (ii) Glucagon
      • Other hormone secreting cells of islets of Langerhans
        (i) Delta or D cells
        (ii) F cells
      • Disorders related to pancreas

              -Diabetes mellitus (Hyperglycemia)

    • Thyroid Gland  
      • Thyroid gland: Isthmus, Follicles and stromal tissues, tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyrocalcitonin (TCT), Iodine
      • Functions of thyroid hormones
      • Disorders related to thyroid gland
      1. Hyperthyroidism
      2. Hypothyroidism
    • Pituitary Gland or Hypophysis Gland  
      • Pituitary gland
      • Division of pituitary gland
        (i) Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary): Pars distalis, pars tuberalis
        (ii) Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary): Pars nervosa, infundibulum, MSH (Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone)
      • Hormones of adenohypophysis/ hormones of pars distalis:
        (i) Growth Hormone (GH)
        (ii) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
        (iii) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
        (iv) Prolactin
        (v) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
        (vi) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
      • Hormones of neurohypophysis
  • Control of Hormonal Secretions  
  • Difference in Endocrine and Exocrine Glands  
13 The Reproductive System [Revision]

4: Human Evolution [Revision]

CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus
14 Human Evolution [Revision]

5: Population [Revision]

CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus
  • Population Explosion in India  
    • Definition
    • Effects of Population Explosion 
    • Measures to Control Population Explosion
    • Real-Life Application
    • Key Point Summary
  • World Population Through the Ages  
  • Rapid Rise in Population  
    • Rapid Rise in population
    1. Industrial revolution
    2. New Discoveries in Medical Science
  • A Highly Simplified Model of Population Growth  
  • Population  
    • Population
    • What is Demography?
    • Census
  • Problems of Over Population  
  • Rising Population - Pressure on Natural Resources  
    • The six main resources under pressure
    1. Food
    2. Water
    3. Land
    4. Forests
    5. Energy
    6. Minerals
  • Consequences of Urbanisation  
    1. Housing and Slums
    2. Over Crowding
    3. Water supply, Drainage and Sanitation
    4. Transportation and Traffic
    5. Pollution
  • Terms Related to the Population  
    • Terms Related to the Population
    1. Population composition
    2. Age composition
    3. Sex Ratio
    4. Death Rate
    5. Birth Rate
    6. Literacy Rate
    7. Occupational structure
    8. Population Dynamics
  • Population Control  
    • Need for adopting control measures
    • Population education and population control
  • Family Planning  
    • Family Planning and welfare
    • Aspects of Family welfare
    • Methods of contraception
    1. Hormonal Methods (Pills)
    2. Barrier Methods
      (a) Condom
      (b) Diaphragms
      (c) Sperm-killing (spermicidal) agents
    3. Intra-Uterine Devices (IUDs)
    4. Surgical methods
      (a) Tubectomy (for female)
      (b) Vasectomy (in male) 
    5. Induced Abortion or Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)
15 Population: The Increasing Numbers and Rising Problems [Revision]

6: Pollution [Revision]

CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus
16 Pollution: A Rising Environmental Problem [Revision]

7: Physical Health and Hygiene [Revision]

CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus
7.1 Health Organisations [Revision]
  • International Bodies: WHO (World Health Organisation)  
  • Common Health Problems in India  
7.2 Aids to Health [Revision]
  • First Aid and Emergency Action  
    • First Aid
    • Basic Principles of First Aid
    • Simple Steps for Providing First Aid in Different Situations
  • Antiseptics and Disinfectants  
    • Antiseptics
    • Disinfectants
    • Differences between antiseptics and disinfectants
  • Antibiotics  

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